Introduction Phosphorus (P) is a vital macronutrient required for multiple physiological functions in plants, including ATP-mediated energy transfer, nucleic acid formation, membrane integrity, and cellular signaling pathways. Despite its abundance…
Introduction Oxidative stress arises from an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and the capacity of endogenous antioxidant defense systems to neutralize them. Reactive species…
INTRODUCTION Maintaining a safe microbial environment for food-contact surfaces is a major requirement in the practice of food canning, maintaining goods properly, and distribution of goods. Once contaminated, these surfaces…
Introduction The American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, is a widely distributed domestic pest occupying sewage drains, garbage sites, human dwellings, and warm, humid microhabitats across India [1-2]. Reports from multiple Indian…
Introduction Heavy metal contamination has emerged as a serious environmental issue due to rapid industrialization, urban expansion, and unsustainable waste disposal practices. Metals like lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium…
Introduction Medicinal plants are crucial in both the pharmaceutical and food sectors. Phytochemical substances derived from these plants have been converted into commercial medications and continue to be a source…
1. Introduction Pesticides encompass a range of organic and inorganic compounds utilized to control pests [7; 16] or eliminate weeds, playing a significant role in global crop production [6; [38].…
Introduction The Coccinellid (Coleoptera), commonly known as ladybird beetles, constitutes an ecologically and economically significant group of predatory insects. They are renowned for their role as efficient biological control agents…
Introduction We are all aware with the importance of air, water, and land for the survival of living organisms. Air is necessary for respiration, and it is a mixture of…
1.0 Introduction Manufacturing industries play a vital role in driving economic growth, employment creation, and technological advancement across both developed and developing economies. Their performance is often viewed as a…