INTRODUCTION Since the onset of the ongoing Israeli war of genocide and ethnic cleansing (2023–2026) in October 2023, the Gaza Strip has been experiencing an unprecedented humanitarian and environmental catastrophe.…
Introduction Productivity is the rate of production of organic matter per unit time. Primary productivity (PP) is “the rate at which radiant energy is stored by the photosynthetic and chemosynthetic…
Introduction Wetlands are among the most productive and ecologically important ecosystems on Earth. They serve as transitional environments between terrestrial and aquatic systems and support a wide variety of biological…
Introduction Insects, diseases, weeds, and nutritional deficiencies pose major constraints to both the quality and quantity of crop yields. Among the spectrum of insect pests, aphids and mites rank foremost…
1. INTRODUCTION Liver is one of the vital organ for metabolism, essential for detoxifying the body, synthesizing proteins, managing carbohydrates, regulating lipids, and maintaining physiological balance. Due to its pivotal role…
Introduction Green nanotechnology an emerging interdisciplinary field that has attracted considerable attention because it offers environmentally benign approaches for nanomaterials. Nanotechnology has emerged as a rapidly advancing field due to…
Introduction Agriculture continues to form the foundation of Nigeria’s rural economy, supporting the livelihoods of most of the rural population and making a substantial contribution to non-oil GDP. Within this…
Introduction Milk and dairy products play a vital role in human nutrition, providing essential nutrients such as proteins, vitamins, fats, and minerals necessary for growth and development. In Nigeria, traditional…
Introduction Agriculture continues to be a primary source of livelihood for rural households in Nigeria, especially in Imo State, where small-scale farming plays a crucial role in ensuring food security…
Introduction Fruits and vegetables are vital elements of a nutritious diet owing to their abundant array of bioactive substances, especially antioxidants like vitamin C, carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and…