1. INTRODUCTION The Mediterranean Sea (2,500,000 km²) is recognized as one of the world's most important marine biodiversity hotspots, supporting a rich assemblage of marine organisms despite occupying less than…
1. INTRODUCTION Skates belonging to the family Rajidae constitute an ecologically and commercially important group of cartilaginous fishes inhabiting continental shelf and slope ecosystems throughout the world oceans, including the…
Introduction Land holds a foundational role in African thought, shaping cultural practices, religious beliefs, and social structures. Across many African communities, land is more than an economic resource—it is a…
Introduction Green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts has emerged as an ecofriendly, cost-effective, and sustainable approach in nanotechnology. Nanotechnology-based antimicrobial agents have gained considerable attention as promising alternatives to…
Introduction Climate change has become one of the biggest environmental problems facing humanity in the twenty-first century. It refers to long-term changes in temperature, rainfall patterns, wind systems, and…
Introduction Rice is the primary staple source of food for half of the world, as it gives the necessary nutrients for healthy living. Protein represents the second most abundant macronutrient…
Introduction Orchids constitute one of the largest and most diverse families of flowering plants with remarkable variation in floral structure, variation in floral morphology, colour, texture, ecological adaptations and habitat…
Introduction Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a fungal infection that arises from the overgrowth of Candida species, an opportunistic pathogen [1]. It is considered the most common fungal infection of the…
1.0 INTRODUCTION Spices have been used in cooking for as long as there has been human civilization, and they are not only used to enhance flavour but also may have…
INTRODUCTION Petroleum hydrocarbons are complex mixtures of aliphatic, aromatic, and polycyclic organic compounds released into the environment through crude oil exploration, refining, transportation, and accidental spills [1]. In regions characterized…