Natural Resources Documentation for Conservation Through People Biodiversity Register(PBR) in Variguntham Village, Telangana, India

Natural Resources Documentation for Conservation Through People Biodiversity Register(PBR) in Variguntham Village, Telangana, India

Sadam Shivakumar , Syeda Azeem Unnisa , Vattikoti Praveen , E. Revathi

Department of Environmental Science, Osmania University Hyderabad-500007, Telangana State, India

Corresponding Author Email: syeda_30@yahoo.co.in

DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7541802

Abstract

Keywords

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1.0 Introduction

The reality (three-tiered governments beginning from village, developmental unit, then districts) As a result, forest collectors engaged through representative from pharmaceutical companies and indigenous herbalists are the sole people who do have adequate knowledge of a state as well as activities of medicinal herbs plant kinds, even if this is restricted to specific regions. Only information developed on a solid foundation can result in effective action. Because both the prevalence and exploitation of biodiversity vary significantly form region to region such document is really quite local and temporal constrained. This neighborhood information was known as PBR with in Biodiversity Regulation act. It is the most innovative although previously mentioned factors of an entire “Biodiversity Information System (BIS)” that is being developed on the a global scale. Considering both spiritual and cultural demands, this local community employs traditional wisdom and conserve overall biodiversity of a lands. This local community employs local traditions that conserve that diversity of an environment for both cultural and spiritual purposes. However, neither identification has indeed been made with the help of individuals, incorporating indigenous traditions [6-7 Recording and reporting biological data is required by both the Bio Diversity Act of 2002 in India as well as the requirements of both the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD) for appropriate compensation amongst personnel in the organisation. This elaborated PBR has been incorporated into to the documenting on local biodiversity, relationships, and perception of diversity in the framework of therapeutic as well as other purposes, as well as their ecological knowledge and views of existing and intended biodiversity management systems [8-10]. In term of spiritual and cultural requirements, each community uses local customs to maintain its planet’s variety. Unfortunately, neither assessment has been completed with the assistance of people, particularly indigenous customs [6-7]. Diverse information was recorded. A set of PBR has been originally established in 1996 with the support of the a community for environmental Organizations including academic institutions at the regional community college level. As a result of the current situation as well as the increasing availability and abilities of advanced information and communication technology techniques, the software has indeed been enhanced to the point where the majority of the info produced can indeed be gathered and structured to use a reasonable system for managing data.

2.0 Study area:

Variguntham is a hamlet in Medak’s Kulcharam mandal. Medak district is one of 31 districts of Telangana, and it was established on October 11, 2016. Medak district headquarters are located in Sangareddy and cover an area of 2765 square kilometres, with a population of 7,67,428 according to 2011 Census statistics. Variguntham is situated at 17.93650N, 78.17070E, 210 metres above sea level. The communities cover a total land area of 1218 hectares. There are 22 hectares of non- agricultural land and 343.5 hectares of irrigated land.

Figure:1 Medak district map

 

Figure.2: Location of Variguntham village

3.0 Methodology

The basic methodology was to approach the local people directly using individual, and group discussions, and the data was collected as per the PBR Proforma. National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), New Delhi formats have been undertaken to understand the indigenous knowledge regarding flora, fauna, livelihood options, perceptions, and motivations. The NBA consists of four formats and the data was documented by the below methods.

1. Interviews: Information related to the history of the village, local institutions and decision-making, people landscape aspects, and biodiversity were collected from village chiefs and knowledgeable individuals through personal interviews. Local communities were shown local field guides on various taxa (e.g. birds, mammals, butterflies, and reptiles) and asked to list the species found in their village, their local names and uses, and their current status.
2. Group discussions: It was conducted with village elders and knowledgeable individuals. Discussions were mainly held to validate the information gathered at various levels.
3. Field visits: Field visits were carried out with members of the village, BMC council and local knowledgeable individuals to document the bio-resources of the village. For the fauna survey opportunistic documentation was carried out and species observed were recorded.
4. Village BMC council meetings: The village BMC council meeting was conducted at the village council involving all the stakeholders. The village council members and the village development board members were present at the meeting along with women group members. Village health workers and other officials were also present during the meeting. This meeting helped to understand various issues about the conservation of the conserved area and to identify possible solutions to tackle the problems.

Extensive interviews were conducted by using an interview schedule which consists of both open and closed-ended questionnaires. Group discussions and resource mapping were the other tools used to collect primary data. The secondary data was collected from the reports of the forest department, census data, and reports published by various agencies. The information was collected by visiting the village in person.

1. Primary data collection
2. Secondary data collection
3. Process in PBR Preparation.

3.1 Primary data collection

Primary data is data that is collected by a researcher/data collector from first-hand sources,using methods like surveys or interviews.The primary data for PBR was collected in the prescribed format

Researcher took help of the local people ,local leaders, presentive of public,Panchayat member,BMC members and related government field level institutes,field officials line department and Krishi vigyanan Kendra. The researcher carried outthe checklist of commonly known flora and fauna of the villages consisting of two seasons,the data was collected for one year consisting of two seasons.

3.2 Secondary data collection

Secondary data is the data that have ben already published,collected and readily available from other  sources.The secondary data was collected as per the requirement of specified formats.The secondary data was collected by researcher.The data was collected during the 2018-2019 from the sources as per the required format.The researcher consulted the office of line departments(Agriculture,forest,horticulture,animal husbandry),Tahsildar office,grampanchayat and revenue office.The scientific data/technical data was collected with help of various departments,University,journals/Research articles/TSBB data banks.

3.3 Process in PBR Preparation

Step1; Interaction with already formed  BMC by the TSBB in Variguntham village.

Step2; Sensitization of the public about the study, survey and possible management of the natural resource.

Step3;Interaction with knowledgeable members in the identification and collection of data on biological resources and traditional knowledge.

Step4; Collection of data. Data collection includes a review of literature on the natural resources of the districts, Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) at the village level, housel hold interviews, individual interviews with village leaders and knowledgeable individuals, household heads, key actors of the panchayat raj institutions and NGOs and direct field observations.

Step5; Analysis and validation of data in consultation with the technical support group and BMC.

Step6; Preparation of PBR according to NBA formats.

Step7;Data analysis and report.

4.0. Results and discussion

PBR preparation involves collecting material gathered through filed investigations into to the PBR document. This same process of field investigation includes the following components, identifying different biodiversity users group, identifying knowledgeable individuals in different aspects of the distribution of biodiversity, interviewing individuals and groups with members representing different user groups, mapping the study site landscape, visiting representative elements of this terrain, and also to document the species that are present in the village as per the people knowledge, according to the NBA Format.

5.0.Population composition

According to the 2011 census, the total population of Variguntham Panchayat was 2743, out of which 1334 are males and 1409 are females. This panchayat includes consists of 582 households.

Fig:3. Population

 

6.0. Socio-Economic profile

The village population can be divided into three categories based on their reliance on the local biodiversity: those who depend on agriculture, secondary who depend on wood fuel collectors and cattle grazers, both of which are directly reliant on the biodiversity in the area, and some private and government employees, as well as some drivers, maintenance workers, and other occupations, who depend on the biodiversity in the area indirectly. The village’s annual average income varies from 3000 and 8,000.

Figure:5. Number of families engaged in various profession. 

7.0.Education and literacy:

Within the limits of the this panchayat, there really are three main classes: one elementary, one middle, and one high school. The majority of individuals such as the tribespeople, want to send their children to school since they believe it will assist him escape the impoverished economic situation. Males represent 55.02 percent of a village’s literate rate, whereas females represent 35.34 percent.

8.0.Socio-cultural Aspects

The villagers’ festivities and religious practices demonstrate its rich cultural heritage, and Bathkamma and Bonalu are rejoicing in the this community.

9.0.Soil and Water

The Plateau is just where Variguntham is located. It contains a range of soil types, include sandy loams, loamy sands, and sandy clay loams. Mangoes, cotton, maize, groundnuts, paddy, and other fruit and vegetable crops can be grown on these types of soil. The total average annual rainfall is 886.9mm.

Figure:6. Precipitation(Rainfall) in mm

The main source for drinking water in the towns and villages is aquifer. People living in the majority of village areas think that local access to drinking water is good to excellent (quantity of bore wells: 05, refilling stations: 06, amount of pumping stations: 03, overall volumes of water storage tank: 06, major water tanks: 04, minor storage tanks: 02).

The biodiversity data was collected according to the NBA Format:

The following data on Agrobiodiversity is given in table 2

 

Table. 2.Data collection on Agro Biodiversity of Variguntham village

Crop Scientific  Name Oryza sativa Cajanus cajan Syzygium cumini Spinacia oeracea Gossypium Sps Vigna radiata Manzifera indica Phoenix sylvestris Phyllanthus emblica Zea maize Criticum velgera Sorghum bicolor Zizyphus Jujoba Carica papaya Cocos nucifera Tamarindus indica Borassus flabellifer Lycopersicum esculentus Solanum melongena Luffa acutangula Allium cepa Abelmoschus esculentus Moringa oleifera Hibiscus cannabinus Rumex vesicarius Coriandrum sativum Coccinia grandis Mentha spicata Murraya koenigii Lagenaria siceraria   Total                                                   31

Local Name Vari Kandulu Alla neredi Pala Kura Patti Pesara Mamidi Eetha Usiri Makka Jonna Jonna Regu pandlu Boppai Kobbari kaya Chinta Tati Tameta Vankaya Birakaya Vullipaya Benda Munaga Gongura Chukka kura Kottimera Dondakaya Pudina Karvaypaku Sorakaya

Weeds Scientific Name Eragrostis tenella Chloris barbata Datura metel Parthenium hysterophorus Achyranthes aspera Tridax procumbens Cyperus rotundus Cynodon dactylon Tephrosia purpurea Solena heterophylla Cleome Gynandra Phyllanthus amarus Citrullus colocynthis Total                      Fruit Plants Scientific name Mangifera indica Psidium guajava Carica papaya Punica granatum Total                     Pest of Crops Scientific name Nilaparvata lugens Scriphophaga incertulus Nilparvata lugens Waphalocrosis medimalis Psara  bipuntalis Luecinodes Bemisia tabaci Spodoptera litura Xanthomonas axonopodis Earis spp Amrasea abiguttula Bipolaris turcicum Meloidogyna incognita   Total

Local Name Piichi gaddi Uppu gaddi Ummeta Vayari bhama Uthareni Gaddi chamanti Tunga musta Garika Vempalli Adavi donda Vaminta Nela usari Verri puchakaya 13   Local name Mamidi Jama Boppai Daanima 04   Local name Aggi tegulu Kandom purugu Dooma Aakuchuta purugu Akkuannupurugu Kandam purugu Tella domma Ladday purugu Akku purugu Machala purugu Pacha doma Akku purugu Veeru purugu   13

Agro-biodiversity

Agriculture is the backbone of Variguntham’s economy. Rainwater collection resources are used by farms for irrigation. A most significant food crop is rice. Additional notable crops are corn, oilseeds, and textiles. A crops from each of the five families: Poeaceae, Malvaceae, Fabaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Solanaceae is presented in Table 2’s information regarding agro – ecosystems. Agricultural forms (31 kinds), herbicides (13 kinds), fruit crops (04 kinds), and agricultural insects are indeed the 4 types in agro – ecosystems (13 kinds).

Figure.7.CissusVitiginea

Figure.8. Hyptis suaveolens         Figure.9.Ipomoea obscura                     Figure.10.  Pergularia dae

 

Table.3. Data Collection on wild plants medicinal species biodiversity of Variguntham Village.

 

Medicinal plants                      Scientific Names Azadhiricta indica Chrysanthemum sp Tagetus erectus Rosa Jasminum Ocimum sanctum Crossandra infundibuliformis Portulaca grandiflorum Polianthesus tuberosa Cocos nucifera Nerium oleander Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Phyllanthus emblica Phoenix dactylifera Borassus flabellifer Moringa oleifera Butea monosperma Ficus benghalensis Ficus glomerata Ficus religiosa Prosopis cinereria Pithacalobium dulce Tamarindus indica Tectona grandis Syzygium cuminii Senna auriculata Phyllanthus niruri Tribulus terrestris Cissus quadrangularis Ocimum tenuiflorum Abrus precatorius Acheranthes aspera Aeverva lalata Agava americana Aloe vera Cleome viscose Datura metel Eclitta prostrata Tinospora cordifolia Diplocyclos palmatus Calotropis gigantea Abutilon indicum Dodonaea viscose Allamanda cathartica Datura metel Hibiscus rosasinensis Ipomoea obscura Cissus vitiginea Pergula riadaemia Hyptis suaveolens Total no.

Local names Veepa Chamanthi Banthi Gulabi Mallae Tulasi Kanakambaram Table Rosa Sampenga Cobbara  chettu Gannaru Mandaram Vusari Yeeta Thati Munaga Modhuga Marri Medi Raavi Jammi Cheema chinta Chinta Teak Neeradu Tangeḍu Nella usiri Pallarukaya Nallaru Tulasi Guruvinda Uttareni Pindi kura Kalabanda Manchi Kalabanda Kukka vamintaku Umetha Gunta garage aku Tippateega Lingadonda Jilladu Thuthurabenda Bandera aku Allamanda Ummatha Mandaram Golamadditiga Kuddudinnae Gutaguta, Peddinguvakoora 50

Fumigatory Plants           Scientific Names Azadriructa indica Achyranthes aspara Tamarindus indica Ricinus communis Total   Timber Plants   Scientific Names Tectona grandis Tamarindus indica Mangifera indica Azadirachta indica Ficus benghalensis Ficus religiosa Ecalyptus globulus Delonix regia Acacia nilotica Hardwikia binata Leucaena luecocephala Butea monosperma Total Ornamental Plants   Chrysanthemum Sp Tagetus Erectus Rosa Jasminum Ocimum Sanctum C.Infundibuliformis Portulaca Grandiflorum Polianthesus Tuberosa Cocos Nucifera Nerium Oleander Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis  Total

Local names Veepa Uttareni Chinta Aamudam 04     Local names Teak Chinta Mamidi Veepa Marri Raavi Jamaoil chettu                                            Gulmohar Tumma Vepi Subabul Moduga 12 Local names   Chamanthi Banthi Gulabi Mallae Tulasi Kanakambaram Table Rosa Sampenga Cobbara chettu Gannaru Mandaram 11

 

Majority of the plants belong to

Timber Plants     – Meliaceae, Moraceae, Anacardiaceae, Lamiaceae

Medicinal plants   – Moraceae, Fabaceae, Arecaceae, Amaranthaceae, Sapindaceae

Ornament plants –Asteraceae, Asparagaceae, Malvaceae

Fumigatory plants – Meliaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae  family.

Variguntham village high medicinal values plants were found which are

Ipomoea obscura (CONVOLVULACEAE) – For an urgent stomachache, half a teaspoon of leaf extract was given three times in two hours.

Cissus vitiginea (VITACEAE) – Stem bark paste is used topically to wounds for wounds.

Pergularia daemia (ASCLEPIADACEAE) – For stomachaches, take 3–4 tablespoons of aerial parts extract twice daily.

Hyptis suaveolens (LAMIACEAE) – Invasive weed which spreads in affected regions and open forests. Extract of leaves (12–15 ml) was consumed three times daily treating snake bites, while leaf decoction was topically as an ointment.

 

Table 4: Data collection on wild relative plant biodiversity of Variguntham village

Trees Tamarindus indicia Ficus venghanensis Syzygium cuminiin Pithacalobium dulce Phyllanthus emblica Tectona grandis Ficus religiosa Prosopis cinereria Senna auriculata   Herbs Acalypha indica Leucas zeylanica Celosia spicata Agave americana

Chinta Marri Neeradu Cheema chinta Vusari Teak Raavi Jammi Tangeḍu     Kuppichettu Thummi Gunugu Kalabanda

Shrubs Heliotropium indicum Senna auriculata Grass Cynodon dactylon Desmostachya bipinnata Cymbopogon citratus Cynodon dactylon Tubers Urginea indica Ipomoea batatas Maerua oblongifolia Niru pippali Climbers Coccinia  grandis Tinospora cordifolia

Danti Tangedu   Garika gaddi Dabha gaddi Nimma gaddi Garika     Addaviulli Moram gadda Bhuchakra gadda Gloriosa superba     Donda Tippa tiga

 

 

 

Table .5.Data collection on domesticated animal biodiversity of Variguntham village

S No	Mammals		Birds		Reptiles
	Local name	Scientific  name	Local name	scientific name	Local name	scientific name
1 2 3   4 5 6	Pilli                    Felis sylvestris catus Mekalu             Capra aegagrushircus Yeddulu/ Aavulu                    Bos taurus Barrelu                   Bos bubalis Gorrelu                  Ovis aries Kukalu           Canus lepus familiaris		Kodi      Gallus   Domesticus		Frog               Rana hexadactyla House lizard   Hemidactylus   flaviviridis
Total	6		1		2

Domestic animal biodiversity

Cattle, dogs, and chickens are the animal groups that have been kept under domesticated by a significant section of the people in the Variguntham village clusters for many generations. Goat, sheep, and poultry are usually bought for your meat. Following table shows those groups within which the majority of farm animals belong: Bovidae, Canidae, and Phasianidae.

There really are three distinct types of cultivated biodiversity. There really are six different types of mammal, single type of bird, and two types species reptile.

Table. 6. Various types of biodiversity species in Variguntham village

Agro Biodiversity Type                                       No   Crop                                        31 Weed                                      13 Fruit Plant                              04 Pest of Crops                         13   Domesticated biodiversity Type       No Mammals                                06 Birds                                        01 Reptiles                                   01

Wild biodiversity Type                                       No   Shrubs                                   09 Herbs                                     04 Tubers                                   04 Grasses                                  04 Climbers                                02 Fumigate plant                      04 Timber plants                        12 Medicinal plants                    36 Ornamental plants                 04 Trees                                   09

 

A type of wild biodiversity has been named. Shrubs species include 9, Herbs 4, Tubers 4, Grasses 4, Climbers 2, Fumigate Plants 4, Timber Plants 12, Medicinal Plants 50, Ornamental Plants 4, and Trees Among these, there are 40 Shrub species.

Wild animal biodiversity

In additional the monkeys and wild pigs, surrounding forests are habitat to various snake species, reptiles, birds, fox, and other animals that damage agriculture..

Conclusions

PBR contains in-depth knowledge and information on regional bio – resources, as well as conventional knowledge about such materials’ uses in medical as well as other fields. So order to encourage livelihood dependent upon diversity and contribute towards conservation of biodiversity, PBR documentation is required. Of that kind information might very well also serve as a benchmark for integrating local issues in to the making plans, trying to identify indigenous knowledge owners and describing their expert knowledge, trying to regulate direct exposure to bio – resources, and trying to educate a next production concerning conventional conservation practices as well as there own effectiveness inside the actual life.

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